Bareilly Cantonment is situated near the Terai region which was known as Kather during the Mughal period. The city of Bareilly was established around 1537 AD. The region came under the control of the Rohillas during the mid of eighteenth century and as such came to be known as Rohilkhand. It subsequently came under the control of the Nawab of Avadh and was ceded to the British in 1801. Bareilly Cantonment was established in 1811.

It appears from the anecdotes compiled in the Cantonment Magistrate's Diary that the entire Rohilkhand region remained a turbulent area from the very beginning and the British found it difficult to maintain the law and order. In 1814 a revolt broke out over the imposition of Chowkidarana tax, which was subsequently crushed.

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